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The elbow is a complex hinge joint

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formed by the articulation
of three bones:

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humerus, radius and ulna.

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The upper arm bone or humerus
connects the shoulder to the elbow,

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forming the upper portion
of the hinge joint.

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The lower arm consists of two bones,
the radius and the ulna.

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These bones connect the wrist
to the elbow

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to form the lower portion
of the hinge joint.

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A joint capsule
surrounds the elbow joint,

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which contains lubricating fluid
called synovial fluid.

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The three joints of the elbow are

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ulnohumeral joint,
the junction between the ulna and humerus,

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radiohumeral joint,
the junction between the radius and humerus,

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proximal radioulnar joint,
the junction between the radius and ulna.

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The elbow is held in place

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with the support
of various soft tissues including

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cartilage, tendons,
ligaments, muscles,

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nerves, blood vessels
and bursae.

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The various movements
of an elbow joint are

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flexion, extension,
pronation, supination.

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Elbow sprain is an injury
to the soft tissues of the elbow.

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It is caused due to
stretching or tearing (partial or full)

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of the ligaments
which support the elbow joint.

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Ligaments are a group
of fibrous tissues

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that connect one bone to another
in the body.

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Causes.

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The various causes
of an elbow sprain are

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involuntary twisting of the arm
during sport activities;

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traumatic injury to the elbow
due to accidents or a fall;

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overstretching of the elbow
during exercise,

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increases tension
on the elbow tendons;

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lack of warming up and stretching

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prior to performing exercises
or sports activities;

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medical history
of previous elbow sprains,

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make you more vulnerable
to another sprain.

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Symptoms.

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The common symptoms
of elbow sprain include

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pain, swelling, tenderness,
and bruising around the elbow,

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restricted movement of the elbow,

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pain at the elbow joint
while stretching.

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Elbow sprains are graded
depending upon the severity of the symptoms

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as grade I (mild), grade II (moderate)
and grade III (severe).

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Severe elbow sprains of grade III

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can lead to elbow dislocation
or joint instability.

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Diagnosis.

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Your doctor will take
a detailed medical history

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and do a thorough
physical examination.

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An X-ray of the elbow
may be necessary

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to rule out any fractures
or other disease conditions.

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Rarely, an MRI may be ordered.

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Treatment.

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The treatment for an elbow sprain
is as follows:

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Rest. Avoid using the affected elbow
for a few weeks.

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Restrict all activities
that cause overuse of the elbow.

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Ice packs.
Apply ice bags wrapped in a towel

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over the sprained elbow
for 15-20 minutes at a time

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to help alleviate
any possible pain and swelling.

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Compression.
An elastic compression bandage is used

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to wrap and support
the elbow to reduce swelling.

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Take care not to
wrap too tightly,

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which could constrict
the blood vessels.

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Elevation. Keep your sprained elbow
elevated as much as possible.

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This can be done
by placing pillows under your arm.

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Immobilization.
A sling or splint may be applied

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to stabilize the elbow joint.

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Medications. You will be prescribed
pain medications

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to keep you comfortable,
and antibiotics to prevent infection.

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Physical therapy.
Learn appropriate hand exercises

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that strengthen
your forearm muscles.

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Various modalities
of physical therapy

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such as massage, ultrasound
and muscle stimulation

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may also be performed
to improve muscle strength.

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Surgery. Generally, elbow sprains
do not require surgery.

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It is indicated
only in cases of severe damage

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or tear of the ligament.

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Prevention.

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There are measures to prevent
elbow injury risk such as:

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Exercise on a regular basis
to improve muscle strength.

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Eat a healthy diet,

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which includes
a good variety of nutritious foods.

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Use well-checked equipment
for any sport activities.

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Always warm-up
and stretch your muscles

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prior to performing exercises
or sports activities.

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The elbow allows us
to position the hand in various directions

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to perform different activities.

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Overuse or overstretching
of the elbow

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can cause an elbow sprain.

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Elbow sprains can occur
at any age

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and are commonly seen
in athletes,

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but can occur
to non-athletes as well.

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Sprains are treated
with conservative treatment measures.